Method and sources
How we calculate
- Every rule comes from the source listed below and is explained on the calculator's page.
- The calculation runs in your browser; the page shows the working with your numbers.
- Results are rounded only when they are displayed.
How we check
- Every rule has test cases with values taken from its source.
- All tests run automatically before each release; if one fails, nothing is published.
- Every number in tables and examples comes from the same code as the calculator.
Sources
| Rule | Source | Verified on |
|---|---|---|
| Race distances: marathon 42.195 km, half marathon 21.0975 km | World Athletics, Competition Rules, Book C2.1, Rule 55 (Road Races) | |
| 1 mile = 1.609344 km | NIST Special Publication 811, Appendix B | |
| Race time prediction, T2 = T1 × (D2 / D1)^1.06 | Peter S. Riegel, Athletic Records and Human Endurance, American Scientist 69(3), 1981 | |
| VDOT prediction | Jack Daniels and Jimmy Gilbert, Oxygen Power (1979), tables in Daniels' Running Formula, 4th edition | |
| World records 400 m to 3000 m | World Athletics, World Records | |
| VO2max from the 12-minute run (Cooper test) | Kenneth H. Cooper, A Means of Assessing Maximal Oxygen Intake, JAMA 203(3), 1968 | |
| Maximal aerobic speed and race times from it | François Péronnet and Guy Thibault, Mathematical analysis of running performance and world running records, Journal of Applied Physiology 67(1), 1989 |
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